Schema Tutorial
XSD HOMEXSD Intro
XSD Why Use
XSD How To
XSD <schema>
Simple Types
XSD ElementsXSD Attributes
XSD Restrictions
Complex Types
XSD ElementsXSD Empty
XSD Elements Only
XSD Text Only
XSD Mixed
XSD Indicators
XSD <any>
XSD <anyAttribute>
XSD Substitution
XSD Example
Data Types
XSD StringXSD Date
XSD Numeric
XSD Misc
XSD Editor
XSD Summary
Schema References
XSD ReferenceXSD Validator
XSD How To?
XML documents can have a reference to a DTD or to an XML Schema.
A Simple XML Document
Look at this simple XML document called "note.xml":
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
A DTD File
The following example is a DTD file called "note.dtd" that defines the elements of the XML document above ("note.xml"):
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
The first line defines the note element to have four child elements: "to, from, heading, body".
Line 2-5 defines the to, from, heading, body elements to be of type "#PCDATA".
An XML Schema
The following example is an XML Schema file called "note.xsd" that defines the elements of the XML document above ("note.xml"):
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
The note element is a complex type because it contains other elements. The other elements (to, from, heading, body) are simple types because they do not contain other elements. You will learn more about simple and complex types in the following chapters.
A Reference to a DTD
This XML document has a reference to a DTD:
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM
"http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
A Reference to an XML Schema
This XML document has a reference to an XML Schema:
<note
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com note.xsd">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
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