CSS3 Tutorial

CSS3 References

CSS3 Animations

CSS3 Animations

With CSS3, we can create animations, which can replace animated images, Flash animations, and JavaScripts in many web pages.

CSS3 @keyframes Rule

To create animations in CSS3, you will have to learn about the @keyframes rule.

The @keyframes rule is where the animation is created. Specify a CSS style inside the @keyframes rule and the animation will gradually change from the current style to the new style.

Browser Support

Internet Explorer 10, Firefox, and Opera supports the @keyframes rule and animation property.

Chrome and Safari requires the prefix -webkit-.

Note: Internet Explorer 9, and earlier versions, does not support the @keyframe rule or animation property.

Example

@keyframes myfirst
{
from {background: red;}
to {background: yellow;}
}

@-webkit-keyframes myfirst /* Safari and Chrome */
{
from {background: red;}
to {background: yellow;}
}

CSS3 animation

When the animation is created in the @keyframe, bind it to a selector, otherwise the animation will have no effect.

Bind the animation to a selector by specifying at least these two CSS3 animation properties:

• Specify the name of the animation
• Specify the duration of the animation

Example

Binding the "myfirst" animation to a div element, duration: 5 seconds:

div
{
animation: myfirst 5s;
-webkit-animation: myfirst 5s; /* Safari and Chrome */
}

Try it yourself »

Note: You must define the name and the duration of the animation. If duration is omitted, the animation will not run, because the default value is 0.

What are Animations in CSS3?

An animation is an effect that lets an element gradually change from one style to another.

You can change as many styles you want, as many times you want.

Specify when the change will happen in percent, or the keywords "from" and "to", which is the same as 0% and 100%.

0% is the beginning of the animation, 100% is when the animation is complete.

For best browser support, you should always define both the 0% and the 100% selectors.

Example

Change the background color when the animation is 25%, 50%, and again when the animation is 100% complete:

@keyframes myfirst
{
0%   {background: red;}
25%  {background: yellow;}
50%  {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}

@-webkit-keyframes myfirst /* Safari and Chrome */
{
0%   {background: red;}
25%  {background: yellow;}
50%  {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}

Try it yourself »

Example

Change the background color and position:

@keyframes myfirst
{
0%   {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25%  {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50%  {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75%  {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}

@-webkit-keyframes myfirst /* Safari and Chrome */
{
0%   {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25%  {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50%  {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75%  {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}

Try it yourself »

CSS3 Animation Properties

The following table lists the @keyframes rule and all the animation properties:

The two examples below sets all the animation properties:

Example

Run an animation called myfirst, with all the animation properties set:

div
{
animation-name: myfirst;
animation-duration: 5s;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-direction: alternate;
animation-play-state: running;
/* Safari and Chrome: */
-webkit-animation-name: myfirst;
-webkit-animation-duration: 5s;
-webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
-webkit-animation-delay: 2s;
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
-webkit-animation-direction: alternate;
-webkit-animation-play-state: running;
}

Try it yourself »

Example

The same animation as above, using the shorthand animation property:

div
{
animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate;
/* Safari and Chrome: */
-webkit-animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate;
}

Try it yourself »

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