CSS Font
CSS font properties define the font family, boldness, size, and
the style of a text.
Difference Between Serif and Sans-serif Fonts
 On computer screens, sans-serif fonts are considered easier to read than
serif fonts.
CSS Font Families
In CSS, there is two types of font family names:
- generic family - a group of font families with a
similar look (like "Serif" or "Monospace")
- font family - a specific font family (like "Times New Roman"
or "Arial")
| Generic family |
Font family |
Description |
| Serif |
Times New Roman
Georgia |
Serif fonts have small lines at the ends on some characters |
| Sans-serif |
Arial
Verdana |
"Sans" means without - these fonts do not have the
lines at the ends of characters |
| Monospace |
Courier New
Lucida Console |
All monospace characters has the same width |
Font Family
The font family of a text is set with the font-family property.
The font-family property can hold several font names as a "fallback" system.
If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font.
Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let the
browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other fonts are
available.
Note: If the name of a font family is more than one word, it must be in
quotation marks, like font-family: "Times New Roman".
More than one font family is specified in a comma-separated list:
Example
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p{font-family:"Times New Roman",Georgia,Serif}
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Font Style
The font-style property is mostly used to specify italic text.
This property has three values:
- normal - The text is shown normally
- italic - The text is shown in italics
- oblique - The text is "leaning"
(oblique is very similar to italic, but less supported)
Example
p.normal {font-style:normal}
p.italic {font-style:italic}
p.oblique {font-style:oblique} |
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Font Size
The font-size property sets the size of the text.
Being able to manage the text size is important in web design. However, you
should not use font size adjustments to make paragraphs look like headings, or
headings look like paragraphs.
Always use the proper HTML tags, like <h1> - <h6> for headings and <p> for
paragraphs.
The font-size value can be
an absolute, or relative size.
Absolute size:
- Sets the text to a specified size
- Does not allow a user to change the text size in all browsers (bad for accessibility
reasons)
- Absolute size is useful when the physical size of the output is known
Relative size:
- Sets the size relative to surrounding elements
- Allows a user to change the text size in browsers
If you do not specify
a font size, the default size for normal text, like paragraphs, is 16px
(16px=1em).
Setting Text Size Using Pixels
Setting the text size with pixels, gives you full control over the text size:
Example
h1 {font-size:40px}
h2 {font-size:30px}
p {font-size:14px} |
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The example above allows Firefox, Chrome, and Safari to resize the text, but not Internet
Explorer.
The text can be resized in all browsers using the zoom tool
(however, this resizes the entire page, not just the text).
Setting Text Size Using Em
To avoid the resizing problem with Internet Explorer, many
developers use em instead of pixels.
The em size unit is recommended by the W3C.
1em is equal to the current font size. The default text size in browsers is
16px. So, the default size of 1em is 16px.
The size can be calculated from pixels to em using this formula: pixels/16=em
Example
h1 {font-size:2.5em} /* 40px/16=2.5em */
h2 {font-size:1.875em} /* 30px/16=1.875em */
p {font-size:0.875em} /* 14px/16=0.875em */ |
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In the example above, the text size in em is the same as the previous example
in pixels. However, with the em size, it is possible to adjust the text size
in all browsers. Unfortunately, there is still a problem with IE.
When resizing the text, it becomes larger than it should
when made larger, and smaller than it should when made smaller.
Using a Combination of Percent and Em
The solution that works in all browsers, is to set a default font-size in
percent for the body element:
Example
body {font-size:100%}
h1 {font-size:2.5em}
h2 {font-size:1.875em}
p {font-size:0.875em} |
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Our code now works great! It shows the same text size in
all browsers, and allows all browsers to zoom or resize the text!
 |
More Examples |
Set the boldness of the font
This example demonstrates how to set the boldness of a font.
Set the variant of the font
This example demonstrates how to set the variant of a font.
All the font properties in one
declaration
This example demonstrates how to use the shorthand property for setting all of
the font properties in one declaration.
All CSS Font Properties
The number in the "CSS" column indicates in which CSS version the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).
| Property |
Description |
Values |
CSS |
font
|
Sets all the font properties in one declaration |
font-style
font-variant
font-weight
font-size/line-height
font-family
caption
icon
menu
message-box
small-caption
status-bar
inherit |
1 |
font-family
|
Specifies the font family for text |
family-name
generic-family
inherit |
1 |
font-size
|
Specifies the font size of text |
xx-small
x-small
small
medium
large
x-large
xx-large
smaller
larger
length
%
inherit |
1 |
font-style
|
Specifies the font style for text |
normal
italic
oblique
inherit |
1 |
font-variant
|
Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a small-caps font |
normal
small-caps
inherit |
1 |
font-weight
|
Specifies the weight of a font |
normal
bold
bolder
lighter
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
inherit |
1 |
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