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JS Tutorial

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JS Objects

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JS Functions

Function Definitions Function Parameters Function Invocation Function Call Function Apply Function Bind Function Closures

JS Classes

Class Intro Class Inheritance Class Static

JS Async

JS Callbacks JS Asynchronous JS Promises JS Async/Await

JS HTML DOM

DOM Intro DOM Methods DOM Document DOM Elements DOM HTML DOM Forms DOM CSS DOM Animations DOM Events DOM Event Listener DOM Navigation DOM Nodes DOM Collections DOM Node Lists

JS Browser BOM

JS Window JS Screen JS Location JS History JS Navigator JS Popup Alert JS Timing JS Cookies

JS Web APIs

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JS AJAX

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JS JSON

JSON Intro JSON Syntax JSON vs XML JSON Data Types JSON Parse JSON Stringify JSON Objects JSON Arrays JSON Server JSON PHP JSON HTML JSON JSONP

JS vs jQuery

jQuery Selectors jQuery HTML jQuery CSS jQuery DOM

JS Graphics

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JS Examples

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JS References

JavaScript Objects HTML DOM Objects


ECMAScript 2023

JavaScript Version Numbers

Old ECMAScript versions was named by numbers: ES5 and ES6.

From 2016, versions are named by year: ES2016, 2018, 2020 ...

The 14th edition, ECMAScript 2023, was published in June 2023.


New Features in ES2023


Warning

These features are relatively new.

Older browsers may need an alternative code (Polyfill)


JavaScript Array findLast() Method

ES2023 added the findLast() method that will start from the end of an array and return the value of the first element that satisfies a condition.

Example

const temp = [27, 28, 30, 40, 42, 35, 30];
let high = temp.findLast(x => x > 40);
Try it Yourself »

JavaScript Array findLastIndex() Method

The findLastIndex() method finds the index of the last element that satisfies a condition.

Example

const temp = [27, 28, 30, 40, 42, 35, 30];
let pos = temp.findLastIndex(x => x > 40);
Try it Yourself »

JavaScript Array toReversed() Method

ES2023 added the Array toReversed() method as a safe way to reverse an array without altering the original array.

The difference between the new toReversed() method and the old reverse() method is that the new method creates a new array, keeping the original array unchanged, while the old method altered the original array.

Example

const months = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr"];
const reversed = months.toReversed();
Try it Yourself »

JavaScript Array toSorted() Method

ES2023 added the Array toSorted() method as a safe way to sort an array without altering the original array.

The difference between the new toSorted() method and the old sort() method is that the new method creates a new array, keeping the original array unchanged, while the old method altered the original array.

Example

const months = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr"];
const sorted = months.toSorted();
Try it Yourself »

JavaScript Array toSpliced() Method

ES2023 added the Array toSpliced() method as a safe way to splice an array without altering the original array.

The difference between the new toSpliced() method and the old splice() method is that the new method creates a new array, keeping the original array unchanged, while the old method altered the original array.

Example

const months = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr"];
const spliced = months.toSpliced(0, 1);
Try it Yourself »


JavaScript Array with() Method

ES2023 added the Array with() method as a safe way to update elements in an array without altering the original array.

Example

const months = ["Januar", "Februar", "Mar", "April"];
const new = months.with(2, "March");
Try it Yourself »

#! JavaScript Shebang

A Shebang is a number sign and an exclamation mark (#!) at the beginning of a script:

#!/usr/bin/env node

The example above tells the operating system to use the node program to run the script.

Now, you can run JavaScript code with ./fileName.js instead of node fileName.js.

#! is also called sharp-exclamation, hashbang, pound-bang, or hash-pling.


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