JavaScript Arithmetic
JavaScript Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators perform arithmetic on numbers (literals or variables).
Operator | Description |
---|---|
+ | Addition |
- | Subtraction |
* | Multiplication |
** | Exponentiation (ES2016) |
/ | Division |
% | Modulus (Remainder) |
++ | Increment |
-- | Decrement |
Arithmetic Operations
A typical arithmetic operation operates on two numbers.
The two numbers can be literals:
or variables:
or expressions:
Operators and Operands
The numbers (in an arithmetic operation) are called operands.
The operation (to be performed between the two operands) is defined by an operator.
Operand | Operator | Operand |
---|---|---|
100 | + | 50 |
Adding
The addition operator (+
) adds numbers:
Subtracting
The subtraction operator (-
) subtracts numbers.
Multiplying
The multiplication operator (*
) multiplies numbers.
Dividing
The division operator (/
) divides numbers.
Remainder
The modulus operator (%
) returns the division remainder.
In arithmetic, the division of two integers produces a quotient and a remainder.
In mathematics, the result of a modulo operation is the remainder of an arithmetic division.
Incrementing
The increment operator (++
) increments numbers.
Decrementing
The decrement operator (--
) decrements numbers.
Exponentiation
The exponentiation operator (**
) raises the first operand to the power of the second operand.
x ** y produces the same result as Math.pow(x,y)
:
Operator Precedence
Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed in an arithmetic expression.
Is the result of example above the same as 150 * 3, or is it the same as 100 + 150?
Is the addition or the multiplication done first?
As in traditional school mathematics, the multiplication is done first.
Multiplication (*
) and division (/
) have higher precedence than
addition (+
) and subtraction (-
).
And (as in school mathematics) the precedence can be changed by using parentheses.
When using parentheses, the operations inside the parentheses are computed first:
When many operations have the same precedence (like addition and subtraction or multiplication and division), they are computed from left to right: