Git and GitHub Introduction

What is Git?

Git is a popular version control system.

It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005, and has been maintained by Junio Hamano since then.

It is used for:

• Tracking code changes
• Tracking who made changes
• Coding collaboration

Key Git Concepts

• Repository: A folder where Git tracks your project and its history.
• Clone: Make a copy of a remote repository on your computer.
• Stage: Tell Git which changes you want to save next.
• Commit: Save a snapshot of your staged changes.
• Branch: Work on different versions or features at the same time.
• Merge: Combine changes from different branches.
• Pull: Get the latest changes from a remote repository.
• Push: Send your changes to a remote repository.

Working with Git

• Initialize Git on a folder, making it a Repository
• Git now creates a hidden folder to keep track of changes in that folder
• When a file is changed, added or deleted, it is considered modified
• You select the modified files you want to Stage
• The Staged files are Committed, which prompts Git to store a permanent snapshot of the files
• Git allows you to see the full history of every commit.
• You can revert back to any previous commit.
• Git does not store a separate copy of every file in every commit, but keeps track of changes made in each commit!

Why Git?

• Most developers use Git!
• Developers can work together from anywhere in the world.
• Developers can see the full history of the project.
• Developers can revert to earlier versions of a project.

What is GitHub?

• Git is not the same as GitHub.
• GitHub makes tools that use Git.
• GitHub is the largest host of source code in the world, and has been owned by Microsoft since 2018.
• In this tutorial, we will focus on using Git with GitHub.