JavaScript Objects
What are JavaScript Objects?
Objects are variables that can store both values and functions.
Values are stored as key:value pairs called properties.
Functions are stored as key:function() pairs called methods.
Real Life Comparison
In real life, we can describe subjects as objects (a car, a person, a house)
| Car Object |
|---|
 |
| Car Properties | Car Methods |
|---|---|
|
car.name = Fiat car.model = 500 car.weight = 850kg car.color = white |
car.start() car.drive() car.brake() car.stop() |
Different cars have the same properties, but the property values can differ from car to car.
Different cars have the same methods, but the methods can be performed at different times.
Object Example
This code example assigns many values (Fiat, 500, white) to an object named car:
Note
type, model,
and color are properties
"Fiat", 500,
and "white" are property values
Object Literal
An object literal "literally" describes an object using a concise syntax with zero or more key:value pairs inside curly braces to describe all the object properties:
{firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe", age:50, eyeColor:"blue"}
How to Create a JavaScript Object
An object literal is the simplest and most common way to define a JavaScript object.
All the examples below, create the same JavaScript object:
Example 1
// Create an Object
const person = {firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe", age:50, eyeColor:"blue"};
Try it Yourself »
Spaces and line breaks are not important. An object literal can span multiple lines:
Example 2
// Create an Object
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
age: 50,
eyeColor: "blue"
};
Try it Yourself »
You can also create an empty object, and add the properties later:
Example 3
// Create an Object
const person = {};
// Add Properties
person.firstName = "John";
person.lastName = "Doe";
person.age = 50;
person.eyeColor = "blue";
Try it Yourself »
Note
You should declare objects with the const keyword.
Using the new Keyword
Example 4
Create a new JavaScript object using new Object():
// Create an Object
const person = new Object({
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
age: 50,
eyeColor: "blue"
});
Try it Yourself »
Note:
There is no need to use new Object().
For readability, simplicity and speed, use an object literal instead.
Object Properties
You can access object properties in two ways:
- Dot notation
- Bracket notation
JavaScript Object Methods
Objects can also have methods.
Object methods are actions that can be performed on objects.
Object methods are function definitions stored as property values:
Example
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
age : 50,
fullName : function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
Try it Yourself »
| Property | Property Value |
|---|---|
| firstName | John |
| lastName | Doe |
| age | 50 |
| fullName | function() {return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;} |
Note
In an object method, this refers to the object.
In the example above, this refers to the person object:
Learn More:
Summary
- Objects are containers for Properties and Methods
- Properties are named Values stored as key:value pairs
- Methods are Functions stored as key:function() pairs.
In JavaScript, Objects are King
If you Understand Objects, you Understand JavaScript.
In JavaScript, almost "everything" is an object:
- Objects are objects
- Maths are objects
- Dates are objects
- Arrays are objects
- Maps are objects
- Sets are objects
- RegExp are Objects
- Errors are Objects
All JavaScript values, except primitives, are objects.
JavaScript Primitives
A primitive data type is data type that can only store a single primitive value.
JavaScript defines 7 types of primitive data types:
| Type | Example value |
|---|---|
string | "Hello" |
number | 3.14 |
boolean | true |
bigint | 12345678901234 |
null | null |
undefined | undefined |
symbol | symbol |
