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Python os Module


Python os Module

Python has a built-in os module with methods for interacting with the operating system, like creating files and directories, management of files and directories, input, output, environment variables, process management, etc.

The os module has the following set of methods and constants.


OS Methods

Method Description
os._exit() Exits the process with the specified status
os.abort() Terminates a running process immediately
os.access() Uses the real uid/gid to check access to a path
os.add_dll_directory() Adds a path to the DLL search path
os.chdir() Change the current working directory
os.chflags() Sets the flags of path to the numeric flags
os.chmod() Changes the mode of path to the numeric mode
os.chown() Changes the owner and group id of a specified path to the specified numeric owner id and group id
os.chroot() Changes the root directory of the current process to a specified path
os.close() Closes the specified file descriptor
os.closerange() Closes all file descriptors from fd_low to fd_high
os.confstr() Returns string-valued system configuration values
os.cpu_count() Returns the number of CPUs present in the system
os.ctermid() Returns the filename associated with the controlling terminal of the process
os.device_encoding() Returns the encoding of the device associated with the file descriptor, if it is connected to a terminal
os.dup() Duplicates a file descriptor
os.dup2()  Duplicates a file descriptor to a given value
os.fchdir() Changes the current working directory to a directory opened by os.open()
os.fchmod() Changes the mode of a file to the specified numeric mode
os.fchown() Changes the owner and group id of a file to the numeric uid and gid
os.fdatasync() Forces write of file to disc - not forces update of metadata
os.fdopen() Returns an open file object connected to a file
os.fork() Forks a child process
os.forkpty() Forks a child process, using a new pseudo-terminal as the child's controlling terminal
os.fpathconf() Returns system configuration information relevant to an open file
os.fsdecode() Decodes a file path
os.fsencode() Encodes a file path
os.fspath() Returns the file system representation of a path
os.fstat() Returns the status of a file
os.fstatvfs() Returns information about the file system of a file
os.fsync() Forces write of file with file descriptor fd to disk
os.ftruncate() Truncates a file to a specified length
os.fwalk()  
os.get_blocking() Returns the blocking mode information of the file descriptor
os.get_exec_path() Returns a list of directories, in which the system looks for named executable programs
os.get_handle_inheritable()  
os.get_inheritable() Returns the inheritable flag of the file descriptor
os.get_terminal_size() Returns the size of a terminal as a pair of columns and lines
os.getcwd() Returns the current working directory
os.getcwdb() Returns the current working directory in bytestring
os.getegid() Return the effective group id of the current process
os.getenv() Returns the value of the environment variable key
os.getenvb() Returns the value of the environment variable key, in bytes
os.geteuid() Returns the effective user id of the current process
os.getgid() Returns the real group id of the current process
os.getgrouplist() Returns a list of all group ids for a specified user
os.getgroups() Returns a list of supplementary group ids associated with the current process
os.getloadavg() Returns the load average over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes
os.getlogin() Returns the name of the user logged in to the terminal
os.getpgid() Returns the process group id of a specific process id
os.getpgrp() Returns the current process group id
os.getpid() Returns the process id of the current process
os.getppid() Returns the parent process id of the current process
os.getpriority() Returns the scheduling priority of a process, process group, or user
os.getresgid() Returns the current process' real, effective, and saved group ids
os.getresuid() Returns the current process' real, effective, and saved user ids
os.getsid() Returns the session id of a process
os.getuid() Returns the current process' real user id
os.initgroups() Initializes a group access list showing all the member groups of a user plus the group id
os.isatty() Returns whether a file descriptor is open and connected to a tty(-like) device or not.
os.kill() Sends a signal to the process with the specified process id
os.killpg() Sends a signal to the process with the specified process id
os.lchflags() Changes the flags of a path to the numeric flags
os.lchmod() Changes the mode of path to the numeric mode
os.lchown() Changes the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid
os.link() Creates a hard link pointing to source named destination
os.listdir() Returns a list of the names of the entries in a directory
os.lockf() Applies, tests, or removes a POSIX lock on an open file
os.lseek() Sets the current position of file descriptor to the defined position
os.lstat() Returns the status of a file or file descriptor, but does not follow symbolic links
os.major() Returns the device major number from raw device number
os.makedev() Returns a raw device number from the specified major and minor device numbers
os.makedirs() Creates a directory recursively
os.memfd_create() Create an anonymous file and returns a file descriptor
os.minor() Returns the device minor number from raw device number
os.mkdir() Creates a directory (with a specified mode)
os.mkfifo() Creates a FIFO named path (with a specified mode)
os.mknod()  
os.nice()  
os.open()  
os.openpty()  
os.pathconf()  
os.pipe()  
os.pipe2()  
os.plock()  
os.popen()  
os.posix_fadvise()  
os.posix_fallocate()  
os.posix_spawn()  
os.posix_spawnp()  
os.pread()  
os.preadv()  
os.putenv()  
os.pwrite()  
os.pwritev()  
os.read()  
os.readlink()  
os.readv()  
os.register_at_fork()  
os.remove()  
os.removedirs()  
os.removexattr()  
os.rename()  
os.renames()  
os.replace()  
os.rmdir()  
os.scandir()  
os.sched_get_priority_max()  
os.sched_get_priority_min()  
os.sched_getaffinity()  
os.sched_getparam()  
os.sched_getscheduler()  
os.sched_rr_get_interval()  
os.sched_setaffinity()  
os.sched_setparam()  
os.sched_setscheduler()  
os.sched_yield()  
os.sendfile()  
os.set_blocking()  
os.set_handle_inheritable()  
os.set_inheritable()  
os.setegid()  
os.seteuid()  
os.setgid()  
os.setgroups()  
os.setpgid()  
os.setpriority()  
os.setregid()  
os.setresgid()  
os.setresuid()  
os.setreuid()  
os.setsid()  
os.setuid()  
os.setxattr()  
os.spawnl()  
os.spawnle()  
os.spawnlp()  
os.spawnlpe()  
os.spawnv()  
os.spawnve()  
os.spawnvp()  
os.spawnvpe()  
os.startfile()  
os.stat()  
os.statvfs()  
os.strerror()  
os.symlink()  
os.sync()  
os.sysconf()  
os.system()  
os.tcgetpgrp()  
os.tcsetpgrp()  
os.times()  
os.truncate()  
os.ttyname()  
os.umask()  
os.uname()  
os.unlink()  
os.unsetenv()  
os.urandom()  
os.utime()  
os.wait()  
os.wait3()  
os.wait4()  
os.waitid()  
os.waitpid()  
os.walk()  
os.write()  
os.writev()  

OS Objects

Object Description
os.altsep  
os.confstr_names Returns a dictionary of the names and integer values that is accepted as parameter for the os.confstr() method
os.curdir  
os.defpath  
os.devnull  
os.environ  
os.environb  
os.extsep  
os.linesep  
os.name Find the name of the current OS
os.pardir  
os.pathconf_names  
os.pathsep  
os.sep  
os.supports_bytes_environ  
os.supports_dir_fd  
os.supports_effective_ids  
os.supports_fd  
os.supports_follow_symlinks  
os.sysconf_names  

OS Constants

Constant Description
os.CLD_CONTINUED  
os.CLD_DUMPED  
os.CLD_EXITED  
os.CLD_TRAPPED  
os.EX_CANTCREAT Exit code that indicates: User specified output file could not be created
os.EX_CONFIG Exit code that indicates: Some kind of configuration error occurred
os.EX_DATAERR Exit code that indicates: Input data was incorrect
os.EX_IOERR Exit code that indicates: An error occurred while doing input/output on some file
os.EX_NOHOST Exit code that indicates: The host did not exist
os.EX_NOINPUT Exit code that indicates: The input file did not exist or was not readable
os.EX_NOPERM Exit code that indicates: Insufficient permissions to perform the operation
os.EX_NOTFOUND Exit code that indicates: Entry not found
os.EX_NOUSER Exit code that indicates: The user does not exists
os.EX_OK Exit code that indicates: No error occurred
os.EX_OSERR Exit code that indicates: An operating system error was detected
os.EX_OSFILE Exit code that indicates: Error in a system file
os.EX_PROTOCOL Exit code that indicates: Protocol exchange was illegal, invalid, or not understood
os.EX_SOFTWARE Exit code that indicates: An internal software produced an error
os.EX_TEMPFAIL Exit code that indicates: A temporary failure occurred
os.EX_UNAVAILABLE Exit code that indicates: A required service is unavailable
os.EX_USAGE Exit code that indicates: The command was used incorrectly
os.F_LOCK  
os.F_OK Tests the existence of the path
os.F_TEST  
os.F_TLOCK  
os.F_ULOCK  
os.GRND_NONBLOCK  
os.GRND_RANDOM  
os.MFD_ALLOW_SEALING  
os.MFD_CLOEXEC  
os.MFD_HUGETLB  
os.MFD_HUGE_16GB  
os.MFD_HUGE_16MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_1GB  
os.MFD_HUGE_1MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_256MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_2GB  
os.MFD_HUGE_2MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_32MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_512KB  
os.MFD_HUGE_512MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_64KB  
os.MFD_HUGE_8MB  
os.MFD_HUGE_MASK  
os.MFD_HUGE_SHIFT  
os.O_APPEND  
os.O_ASYNC  
os.O_BINARY  
os.O_CLOEXEC  
os.O_CREAT  
os.O_DIRECT  
os.O_DIRECTORY  
os.O_DSYNC  
os.O_EXCL  
os.O_EXLOCK  
os.O_NDELAY  
os.O_NOATIME  
os.O_NOCTTY  
os.O_NOFOLLOW  
os.O_NOINHERIT  
os.O_NONBLOCK  
os.O_PATH  
os.O_RANDOM  
os.O_RDONLY  
os.O_RDWR  
os.O_RSYNC  
os.O_SEQUENTIAL  
os.O_SHLOCK  
os.O_SHORT_LIVED  
os.O_SYNC  
os.O_TEMPORARY  
os.O_TEXT  
os.O_TMPFILE  
os.O_TRUNC  
os.O_WRONLY  
os.POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED  
os.POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE  
os.POSIX_FADV_NORMAL  
os.POSIX_FADV_RANDOM  
os.POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL  
os.POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED  
os.PRIO_PGRP  
os.PRIO_PROCESS  
os.PRIO_USER  
os.P_ALL  
os.P_DETACH  
os.P_NOWAIT  
os.P_NOWAITO  
os.P_OVERLAY  
os.P_PGID  
os.P_PID  
os.P_WAIT  
os.RTLD_DEEPBIND  
os.RTLD_GLOBAL  
os.RTLD_LAZY  
os.RTLD_LOCAL  
os.RTLD_NODELETE  
os.RTLD_NOLOAD  
os.RTLD_NOW  
os.RWF_DSYNC  
os.RWF_HIPRI  
os.RWF_NOWAIT  
os.RWF_SYNC  
os.R_OK Tests the readability of the path
os.SCHED_BATCH  
os.SCHED_FIFO  
os.SCHED_IDLE  
os.SCHED_OTHER  
os.SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK  
os.SCHED_RR  
os.SCHED_SPORADIC  
os.SEEK_CUR  
os.SEEK_END  
os.SEEK_SET  
os.SF_MNOWAIT  
os.SF_NODISKIO  
os.SF_SYNC  
os.WCONTINUED  
os.WCOREDUMP(status)  
os.WEXITED  
os.WEXITSTATUS(status)  
os.WIFCONTINUED(status)  
os.WIFEXITED(status)  
os.WIFSIGNALED(status)  
os.WIFSTOPPED(status)  
os.WNOHANG  
os.WNOWAIT  
os.WSTOPPED  
os.WSTOPSIG(status)  
os.WTERMSIG(status)  
os.WUNTRACED  
os.W_OK Tests the writability of the path
os.XATTR_CREATE  
os.XATTR_REPLACE  
os.XATTR_SIZE_MAX  
os.X_OK Tests the executability of the path

OS Classes

Class Description
class os.DirEntry  
class os.PathLike  
class os.sched_param(sched_priority)  
class os.stat_result  
class os.terminal_size  

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